Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and sores (ulcers) in the lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It develops over time and can lead to symptoms that come and go in cycles, with periods of flare-ups and remission.
Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis
The severity of symptoms can vary, but common ones include:
- Frequent diarrhea, often with blood or pus
- Abdominal cramping and pain
- Urgency to have a bowel movement
- Fatigue and weakness
- Unintended weight loss
- Rectal pain or bleeding
- Fever in severe cases
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune system response. Factors that may contribute include:
- Overactive immune response attacking the digestive tract
- Genetics and family history
- Environmental triggers (diet, stress, infections)
Complications
If left untreated, UC can lead to:
- Severe bleeding
- Dehydration
- Colon perforation
- Increased risk of colon cancer
- Toxic megacolon (rare, but serious complication)
Diagnosis
To confirm ulcerative colitis, doctors may recommend:
- Colonoscopy with biopsy (to check inflammation and rule out other conditions)
- Stool tests (to exclude infections)
- Blood tests (to detect anemia or inflammation)
- Imaging tests such as CT or MRI in certain cases
Treatment Options
While there is no permanent cure, treatment helps manage symptoms and maintain remission:
- Medications – anti-inflammatory drugs (aminosalicylates), corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics
- Lifestyle management – dietary changes, stress reduction, regular monitoring
- Surgery – in severe cases, removal of the colon (colectomy) may be necessary
Get Relief and Long-Term Care for Ulcerative Colitis
Managing UC requires expert care and ongoing support.
📞 Book an appointment with our gastroenterology specialists today and take control of your digestive health.
