Heartburn is a common condition that causes a burning sensation in the chest, often after eating or at night. It occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, irritating its lining. While occasional heartburn is normal, frequent or severe symptoms may indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and require medical attention.
Symptoms of Heartburn
- Burning sensation in the chest or throat
- Bitter or acidic taste in the mouth
- Discomfort that worsens after eating, bending, or lying down
- Chronic cough or hoarseness in some cases
Causes of Heartburn
Heartburn occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens or relaxes inappropriately, allowing stomach acid to escape. Triggers may include:
- Spicy, fatty, or acidic foods
- Overeating or lying down after meals
- Caffeine, alcohol, or smoking
- Obesity or pregnancy
- Certain medications
Diagnosis
Persistent heartburn should be evaluated by a gastroenterologist. Diagnostic tests may include:
- Upper endoscopy (EGD): To check for esophageal damage
- pH monitoring: To measure acid reflux episodes
- Esophageal manometry: To assess muscle function of the esophagus
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on frequency and severity of symptoms and may include:
- Lifestyle changes: Eating smaller meals, avoiding trigger foods, elevating the head during sleep, and maintaining a healthy weight
- Medications: Antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce acid production
- Advanced procedures: In severe cases, surgical or endoscopic interventions may be recommended to strengthen the LES and prevent reflux
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical care if you experience:
- Heartburn more than twice a week
- Difficulty swallowing
- Unexplained weight loss
- Chest pain not clearly related to meals
